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用Visual Studio 2008进行Silverlight开发(7)

用Visual Studio 2008进行Silverlight开发(6)

使用VB构建程序逻辑

在用户界面完成以后，现在做些有用的代码——比如，在按钮中显示当前时间。

在Solution Explorse中双击Page.xaml.vb文件，在代码编辑器中载入它。

在Page_Loaded()小段中，增加如下行：

以下是引用片段：

            Partial Public Class Page 

            Inherits Canvas 

            Public Sub Page_Loaded(ByVal o As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) 

            '' Required to initialize variables 

            InitializeComponent() 

            Me.Timeline1.Duration = New Duration(New TimeSpan(0, 0, 1)) 

            Me.Timeline1.Begin() 

            End Sub  

在代码中，Timeline1每秒触发一个事件(Completed事件)，通过Duration对象设置。Timeline对象和Windows程序员熟悉的Timer控件很类似。Begin()方法开始倒计时，一秒后Completed事件触发。

下一步是在Completed事件完成后干什么，你可以在代码编辑器里选择Timeline1对象，然后选择Completed事件，如图14。

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图14

编写如下Completed事件代码：

以下是引用片段：

            Private Sub Timeline1_Completed( _ 

            ByVal sender As Object, _ 

            ByVal e As System.EventArgs) _ 

            Handles Timeline1.Completed 

            Dim textBlk As TextBlock = Me.btnTime.Children(1) 

            textBlk.Text = Now.ToString 

            Me.Timeline1.Begin() 

            End Sub 

            End Class 

基本的，你通过获取嵌入在canvas(btnTime)中的TextBlock控件来设置当前时间及其Text属性。Canvas有两个孩子：

◆Children(0): Rectangle control
◆Children(1): TextBlock control

在显示时间后，你呼叫Begin()方法来开始重新倒计时。

好，完成了!在VS2008中按下F5，你将看到IE中显示当前的Silverlight程序。如果你在Firefox浏览器中调用，效果也是一样的。如图15.按钮每秒更新一次时间。

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图15

变化

现在你有第一个Silverlight程序运行着了，试着做一些动画吧。作为例子，让我们来修改它，使其旋转和更新时间。

使用相同的工程，在Expression Blend2 中增加一个新的Timeline到XAML文件中。在增加了新的Timeline之后，你的XAML代码看起来是这样的：

            
以下是引用片段：

            Partial Public Class Page 

            Inherits Canvas 
            
Public Sub Page_Loaded(ByVal o As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) 

            '' Required to initialize variables 

            InitializeComponent() 
            
Me.Timeline1.Duration = New Duration(New TimeSpan(0, 0, 1)) 

            Me.Timeline1.Begin() 
            
End Sub 
            

在Page.xaml.vb文件里，声明一个名为degrees的私有成员变量：

以下是引用片段：

            Partial Public Class Page 

            Inherits Canvas 

            Private degrees As Integer = 0

用Visual Studio 2008进行Silverlight开发(5)

为了使得按钮显示当前时间，你需要每秒刷新一下时间。增加一个Timeline到你的XAML文件中。点击Objects和Timeline组中的>箭头，按照+按钮的指示。图11所示。

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图11

你会被要求命名新的Timeline。使用缺省的名称Timeline1点击OK。

你的XAML文件现在看起来像图12所示。保存XAML文件。

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图12

当你转回到VS2008时，它会询问你是否重新载入Page.xml因为它在编辑器以外被修改了。当你重新载入之后，XAML内容如下：

            
以下是引用片段：

            

            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/client/2007" 

            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 

            x:Name="parentCanvas" 

            Loaded="Page_Loaded" 

            x:Class="OurFirstSilverlightProject.Page;assembly=ClientBin/ 

            OurFirstSilverlightProject.dll" 

            Width="640" 

            Height="480" 

            Background="White" 

            > 

             

             

             

             

             

             

             

            

             

            

            Stroke="#FF000000" StrokeThickness="3" RadiusX="8"  

            RadiusY="8"/> 

            

            Canvas.Top="11" Text="TextBlock" TextWrapping="Wrap"  

            FontFamily="Comic Sans MS"/> 

             

             

            

如图13所示。

498)this.style.width=498;">

图13

为了使得canvas对象可以通过编程访问，增加x:Name属性，并设置位btnTime，像这样：

以下是引用片段：

            

            Canvas.Left="8" Canvas.Top="8"> 

注意在Expression Blend2中，你可以切换Design和XAML视图(如图13)。不幸的是，目前XAML视图中不支持IntelliSense。

用Visual Studio 2008进行Silverlight开发(4)

现在我们为这个页面增加一写控件。首先，创建一个圆角按钮，如图6所示。有了这个按钮，你可以在上面增加一些文字描述信息。

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图6

首先，点击Canvas控件(如图7)并且将其增加到页面上。Canvas将会作为容器来包含所有组成这个按钮的控件。

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图7

为了创建按钮的边框，增加一个Rectangle控件到页面上，覆盖你刚才增加的canvas。图8。

498)this.style.width=498;">

图8

为了创建四个圆形边角，点击Direction Selection图标并且选择你刚增加的Rectangle控件。如图9所示，设置Rectangle的属性如下：

◆RadiusX - 8
◆RadiusY - 8
◆StrokeThickness - 3

498)this.style.width=498;">

图9

另外，你也可以设置背景为黄色，如图9所示。

为了显示按钮中的文字，你需要增加一个TextBlock控件到canvas上，如图10。同时，设置字体为Comic Sans MS。

498)this.style.width=498;">

图10

用Visual Studio 2008进行Silverlight开发 (2)

在Solution Explorer中，点击Show All Files按钮来查看所有VS自动生成的代码。图2显示了所有文件。

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图2

下面一节包含了该Silverlight工程里的基本文件的讲解：

TestPage.html

这是一个测试页，用来测试Silverlight程序。它包含了Silverlight控件并引用了两个JavaScript文件：Silverlight.js和TestPage.html.js。下面是Testpage.html的内容：

            
以下是引用片段：

            
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 

            
                http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > 

                 

                
                    

                    

                    

                     

                     

                     

                    .silverlightHost { width: 640px; height: 480px; } 

                     

                    

                    
 

                    
 

                     
createSilverlight(); 
 

                    
                    

                    

                    
 
                    

包含Siverlight控件的HTML页面页可以包含通常的HTML元素来构成一个web页面。当你双击Solution Explorer中的Testpage.html，VS2008将会在一个分离视图里展示页面，这是VS2008的新特性。使用分离视图，你可以在浏览HTML代码时同时预览它在浏览器中的效果。如图3。

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图3

TestPage.html.js

这个文件包含了一个Javascript函数，装载Silverlight控件到web页上。它也引用了一个包含Silverlight程序的用户界面定义的XAML文件。

                    
以下是引用片段：

                    // JScript source code 

                    //contains calls to silverlight.js, example below loads Page.xaml 

                    function createSilverlight() 

                    { 

                    Silverlight.createObjectEx({ 

                    source: "Page.xaml", 

                    parentElement: document.getElementById("SilverlightControlHost"), 

                    id: "SilverlightControl", 

                    properties: { 

                    width: "100%", 

                    height: "100%", 

                    version: "1.1", 

                    enableHtmlAccess: "true" 

                    }, 

                    events: {} 

                    }); 

                    // Give the keyboard focus to the Silverlight control by default 

                    document.body.onload = function() { 

                    var silverlightControl = document.getElementById(''SilverlightControl''); 

                    if (silverlightControl) 

                    silverlightControl.focus(); 

                    } 

                    } 
                    

每个HTML页面应该有一个相应的Javascript(.js)文件来装载一个相关的XAML文件中的Silverlight控件。

用Visual Studio 2008进行Silverlight开发(3)

Page.xaml

这个文件包含了你的Silverlight应用程序的用户界面。下面列出了VS2008创建的缺省内容。

以下是引用片段：

            

            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/client/2007" 

            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 

            x:Name="parentCanvas" 

            Loaded="Page_Loaded" 

            x:Class="OurFirstSilverlightProject.Page;assembly=ClientBin/ 

            OurFirstSilverlightProject.dll" 

            Width="640" 

            Height="480" 

            Background="White" 

            > 

            

注意这里x:Class属性。它指定了目前类名为OurFirstSilverlightProject.Page(OurFirstSilverlightProject是工程的缺省根命名空间而Page是类名)，它对应的程序集在ClientBin/OurFirstSilverlightProject.dll.。

VS2008提供了支持XAML内容的IntelliSense，当你手写XAML时是一个很不错的辅助。

Page.xaml.vb

这个文件包含了Silverlight应用程序的被管理的代码。缺省的VS产生的类名是Page。

以下是引用片段：

            Partial Public Class Page 

            Inherits Canvas 

            Public Sub Page_Loaded(ByVal o As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) 

            '' Required to initialize variables 

            InitializeComponent() 

            End Sub 

            End Class 

Page.xaml.vb文件是你写你的被管理的代码的地方。当准备部署Silverlight应用程序时，只有被编译过的程序集需要被部署。不需要部署源代码。

Silverlight.js

这是微软提供的创建所有的必要的部分用来确保目标浏览器可以运行Silverlight程序。通过将此文件包含在你的应用程序中，目标Web浏览器将会在未安装Silverlight运行时的情况下要求安装必须的运行时(每个Silverlight程序必须包含这个文件)。在使用许可的规定下，你不得修改这个文件。在运行多个Silverlight程序的Web服务器上，你可以只放置一个该文件的拷贝，并且将所有包含Silverlight内容的页面指向这个页面。

使用XAML创建用户界面

VS2008具备支持XAML内容的IntelliSense。这使得界面开发更有效率了，但是当前这里所用的VS2008版本没有一个XAML内容的查看器。这就是说，每次开发时必须运行一遍来查看其内容。

好消息是你可以使用微软的另外一个工具——Expression Blend来创建XAML界面。微软Expression Blend是一个专业级的设计工具，用来为Windows程序设计专业级的用户界面。最新的Blend版本，Expression Blend 2 August Preview，允许你创建基于Silverlight的程序。

使用Expression Blend2打开Page.xml，右击选择Open in Expression Blend…。图4所示。

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图4

Expression Blend2将会启动，你可以看到一个类似VS的界面。图5。

498)this.style.width=498;">

图5

用Visual Studio 2008进行Silverlight开发(1)

微软的Silverlight浏览器插件使得开发者能够运行富因特网程序(RIAs)——包括动画，矢量图形和视频回放等等。看看如何进行Silverlight开发，并且感受一下这种新的开发方式吧！本文代码下载：http://assets.devx.com/sourcecode/20341.zip。

经过多年发展，我们看到了Web应用程序的繁荣。早期的Web站点仅仅支持静态的HTML页面，图片和文字信息。然后，服务器端技术如CGI，ASP和JSP等使得Web硬哟程序变成了现实，用户突然可以在Web上做很多事情了，比如在线购买商品，预订等等。客户端技术如Javascript等帮助提高了用户的Web应用体验，使得它们更加具备响应性。尽管AJAX的相关技术已经成熟很多年了，但也就是在最近几年人们才开始花费大量时间开发AJAX的Web应用程序。所有这一切都是为了同一个目标——使得Web应用程序交互性和响应能力更强。

今天，又出现了一个新名词——RIA，是Rich Internet Applications的缩写。对于微软来说，RIA实际代表着Rich Interactive Applications。微软最近启动了一个相关的技术/产品名为Silverlight。原名为Windows Presentation Foundation/Everywhere(WPF/E)的Silverlight是一个浏览器插件，能够使得开发者创建RIA程序包括动画，矢量图形和视频回放等等。

这篇文章帮助你了解Silverlight的开发，希望给你一个很好的关于Silverlight开发的讲解。

Silverlight现状

目前，有两个版本的Silverlight：1.0(发布版)和1.1(alpha发布)，主要的区别在于是否支持.NET语言1.1版本。对于1.0版本，你必须使用Javascript来写你的程序逻辑。在1.1版本里，你可以使用C#或者VB进行程序逻辑开发，通过CLR来运行。

Silverlight运行时目前支持下列浏览器：

◆Internet Explorer 6/7
◆Firefox 1.5/2.0
◆Safari 2.0

本文着重讲解Silverlight1.1的内容。

获取开发工具

为了开发Silverlight应用程序，你必须获得以下运行时/工具：

运行时：

为了在浏览器里查看Silverlight应用程序，下载如下内容：

Microsoft Silverlight 1.0 Release Candidate

◆Mac
◆Windows
◆Microsoft Silverlight 1.1 Alpha Refresh
◆Mac
◆Windows
◆Microsoft ASP.NET Futures (July 2007)

ASP.NET Futures下载包含了用于支持Silverlight程序的最新ASP.NET控件。

开发工具

最简单的进行Silverlight开发的工具是Visual Studio 2008，当前下载版本是Beta 2。你可以从http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/aa700831.aspx下载。

当你下载并安装了VS2008Beta2之后，下载Microsoft Silverlight Tools Alpha Refresh for Visual Studio (July 2007)，这是一个用来创建Silverlight程序的VS2008增强包。安装它会为VS2008Beta2增加如下特性：

1、VB和C#工程模板
2、IntelliSense和XAML代码生成器
3、Silverlight程序的调试
4、Web引用支持
5、和Expression Blend的集成

另外，你还需要如下专业工具来进行Silverlight开发：

◆Expression Blend 2 August Preview: 专业级Silverlight用户交互开发工具。
◆Expression Media Encoder Preview Update: Microsoft Expression Media的特性之一，允许你创建和增强视频。
◆Expression Design: 用来创建Silverlight程序的专业插图和绘图设计工具。

最后，你需要下载下列包含文档和例程代码的SDK ：

◆Microsoft Silverlight 1.0 Software Development Kit Release Candidate
◆Microsoft Silverlight 1.1 Software Development Kit Alpha Refresh

开始编程

当安装好上述工具之后，你可以创建你的第一个Silverlight程序了。打开VS2008，创建一个新工程。工程类型选择Silverlight，选择Silverlight工程模板：如图1所示。将工程命名为OurFirstSilverlightProject。

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用ASP.NET编写一个在线RSS新闻聚合器

创建基于ASP.NET的SMTP邮件系统

天天收集好英文

Scrum Practice in Project Management

ps: 这是我在hp写的命题作文，E文不好，请见谅。

Scrum is an iterative incremental process of Software development commonly used with Agile Software Development. Especially, Scrum will help us to manage the project more efficiently because it is an adaptive process. However, applying the Scrum Methodology should depend on the different situation during the process of project development. It’s a big issue to solve. This article gives an example to elaborate how to manage the project with Scrum.

Introduction

Software development is a complex endeavor. So the most difficult problem is how to handle the complexity through by the science of project management. Many scientists and software engineers raised a great number of methodologies for project management such as Waterfall, UP and Agile. In contrast to the heavy methodologies including Waterfall and UP, Agile is enough flexible to embrace the change, more light to be mastered by project team members, and more focuses on the communication and release of the usable software rapidly. Agile methodologies include eXtreme Programming, Scrum, Feature Driven Development and Crystal etc.

Scrum was raised by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka in 1986. The skeleton is shown in Figure 1.

The lower circle represents an iteration of development activities that occur one after another. In Scrum, it was called Sprint. Each Sprint is an iteration of 30 consecutive calendar days. The output of each sprint is an increment of product. The upper circle represents the daily inspection that occurs during the sprint, in which the individual team members meet to inspect each others’ activities and make appropriate adaptations.

There are three roles in Scrum including ScrumMaster, Product Owner and Team. The ScrumMaster is responsible for the Scrum process, for teaching Scrum to everyone involved in the project, for implementing Scrum and ensuring that everyone follows Scrum rules and practices. The Product Owner is responsible for representing the interest of stakeholders and creating the project’s initial overall requirement which was called the Product Backlog, for using the Product Backlog to ensure that the most valuable functionality is produces first and built upon. The team is responsible for developing functionality. Teams are self-managing, self-organizing, and cross-functional, and they are responsible for figuring out how to return Product Backlog into an increment of functionality within an iteration and managing their own work to do so.

Problem Statement

Without doubt, Scrum is one of most popular agile methodologies now. It, however, is not easy to apply it to project management. Considering about the following situations please:
1. If the culture of your organization is contradictious with Scrum, and your leader always interrupts you during the process of project development, what should you do?
2. If your team members are not familiar with Scrum, and they don’t understand the heart and rules of Scrum, what should you do?
3. Furthermore if your team members didn’t master the basic skills of Agile developing such as pair programming, Test Driven Development etc, what should you do?
4. If your customers always change their requirement, they are not clear what they want even, what should you do?

Our Solution

In fact, we can’t find out the “Silver Bullet” to solve these problems. We know Scrum is an adaptive process. Scrum makes many rules which should be followed, but not hidebound. It’s agile and flexible. It allows us to adjust the way to achieve the goal of project.

The answer to the first question is operating within the culture of the organization. Don’t fight against the culture of your company. If you are ScrumMaster, you’d better walk a fine line between the organization’s need to make changes as quickly as possible and its limited tolerance for change. You can adopt Scrum by starting small. At the same time, you should try your best to persuade your leader to support you. Sometimes your leader will build the bridge between the agile world and non-agile for you. Of course, it needs change, but these changes must be culturally acceptable. If not, you must acquiesce. The ScrumMaster is a sheepdog of the team, and his job is to protect the team from impediments during the Sprint. Remember that the precondition of which everything is going on well is that the sheepdog cannot be dead. After all, Scrum is the art of the possible.

Right, we hope our team members are all software craftsman so that everything is Ok. Unfortunately, the real world is not as good as that we expect. In fact, the situation in which most of team members are all apprentices is more common. It is true that it is difficult to hire the experienced software engineer in this industry. So the problem we must solve is how to train them. We should draw up a training plan. Before it, we must understand the skill set of everybody. We need to assign the mentors to the fresh guys. Of course, the best way of training is practice. We should assign the task to them according to their ability. At the same time, we have to add the task duration because they are not familiar with the related skills. Besides, Pair programming is a good way to handle it.

The great character of Scrum is enough flexible to embrace the change. Scrum is an iterative and incremental process. The iteration is very short (30 days) so that we can change our plan in time. The incremental development will provide the good policy to submit the release rapidly. The increment product can give our customers confidence. And the customers can understand the difference between what they want and what we provide though by the running software. Scrum emphasis on the communication between the team and customers. Product Owner of Scrum is responsible for communicating with the customers and creating the product backlog. In case the customers changed their requirements, the Product Owner will discuss with ScrumMaster and Team. If the change is acceptable, it is added into the product backlog. If the change is within the sprint which the team is developing, the sprint has to halt, and re-open the new sprint. Beside, the daily scrum will help each team member understand the current statue of the project, and the sprint review meeting will show the result of the sprint to the customers in order to get the feedback from the customers, the sprint retrospection meeting will prompt the Scrum process framework and practices.

Evidence that the Solution Works

Now we complete the first sprint of the project on time. In a month, we went through the whole lifecycle of the software development from the requirement analysis to designing, coding and testing. Each member is familiar with the Scrum gradually. Everything is going on well such as Daily Scrum, Team Work and Sprint Development. In the end of this sprint, we submit the increment product to our customers and get the feedback from the customers. The most important achievement is that our customers approve our approach to develop the product.

Competitive Approaches

We don’t follow the rule of Agile Methodology strictly. For instance, most of team members are accustomed to the TDD (Test Driven Development), so we adopt the traditional way to design and develop the software such as Use Case Driven Development instead of TDD. But we require everybody must write the test case for classes and components. We organize the pair programming group to prompt each other.

Because our customers are off-site, so we require our Product Owner must be in-site and cooperate with them in full time. We create the communication schedule for the customers to understand the customers’ requirement. The Product Owner is empowered to handle everything with requirement.

Especially, the ScrumMaster of our project protects the team from the rest of the non-agile world. We get the enough resources and backup. For example, we have our own agile coach to direct how to apply the Scrum to our project. He can help us to solve the key problem when we are confused of Scrum Methodology.

Current Status

The project is going on well. The first sprint is very successful. Team members are all confidence. They regard the Scrum as the effective and enjoyable process. The customers are satisfied with our process. Most of risks had already solved because we emphasis on them and add them as the tasks into the sprint backlog.

Next Steps

Next month, we are going to hold the Sprint retrospective meeting to find out the existed problems in the first sprint. Then we will create the backlog for next sprint. In this sprint, we will develop the most important domain module and let it workable.

Conclusions

Scrum is an excellent agile methodology to release the software product rapidly and correctly. It gives all team members the new management responsibilities. The process of the project management is visible and controllable. The ScrumMaster and Product Owner don’t need to write the redundant documents and draw up the unrealistic project plan. The team members become more active due to self-organizing and self-managing.

References
1. Agile Project Management with Scrum, Ken Schwaber
2. Software Craftsmanship, Pete McBreen
3. Applying UML And Patterns, Craig Larman

捷道·敏捷堂发布：http://www.agiledon.com/post/2008/07/Scrum-Practice-In-PM.aspx

记录一个人事管理信息系统的开发过程1

SQLite数据库

SQLite是一个老牌的轻量级别的文件数据库，完全免费，使用方便，不需要安装，无须任何配置，也不需要管理员。
它是开源的嵌入式数据库产品，是同类产品中的后起之秀，2005年获得了开源大奖，而且最新的PHP5也内嵌了SQLite。相比另一款著名的嵌入式数据库——Berkely DB。SQLite是关系型数据库，支持大部分SQL语句，这是它比BDB优秀的地方。
作为一款嵌入式数据库，SQLite与Berkely DB一样，以库的形式提供，通过C函数直接操作数据库文件。(也支持其他的访问方式，比如Tcl)。下载包中有SQLite3.dll和 SQlite3.def，def可以用VC的lib工具生成链接库，当然也可以直接链接dll文件。
SQLite不是Server，所以和SQLServer等不同，它和程序运行在同一进程。中间没有进程间通信，速度很快，而且体积小巧，易于分发。适合运行在单机环境和嵌入式环境。(随便说一下，腾讯的QQ中可能就用到了SQLite数据库来保存信息)

支持事务机制和blob数据类型。支持大部分SQL92标准.一个完整的数据库保存在磁盘上面一个文件.
同一个数据库文件可以在不同机器上面使用,最大支持数据库到2TB.
源代码开放, 代码95%有较好的注释,简单易用的API.
现在已经发展到了SQLite3版本,目前最新版本是SQLite3.3.4.

资源下载：

哎，找到好久，终于找到了一个sqlite的图形管理工具SharpPlus Sqlite Developer 。 SQLite Spy 也不错，界面很美观，我感觉功能少了点。

SQLite的源码：http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-source-3_3_4.zip(包括sqlite3.h)
SQLite编译好的dll及def文件:http://www.sqlite.org/sqlitedll-3_3_4.zip

SQLite提供一个命令行shell的工具用以访问数据库，下载windows下的SQLite命令行工具sqlite3.exe,
下载地址:http://www.sqlite.org/sqlite-3_3_4.zip。
网上有一款针对SQLite3的 UI工具－SQLite Spy。下载地址：www.yunqa.de/delphi/sqlitespy/

如果想通过ODBC来访问操作SQLite数据库,需要安装第三方组件库的SQLite ODBC Driver,
可以到"http://www.patthoyts.tk/sqlite3odbc.html"或者"http://www.ch-werner.de/sqliteodbc/"去下载.
也可以直接下载其ODBC的驱动安装程序:"http://www.ch-werner.de/sqliteodbc/sqliteodbc.exe"
现在SQLite ODBC Driver的版本为0.65.
然后在C++程序中就可以使用OTL来统一对数据库的访问。

SQLite的官方主站：http://www.sqlite.org/
SQLite的中文网：http://sqlitecn.feuvan.net/index.html
OTL的官方主站：http://otl.sourceforge.net/home.htm

其它参考：
http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/opensource/os-sqlite/index.html?ca=dwcn-newsletter-opensource
http://blog.donews.com/limodou/archive/2004/03/21/7997.aspx